Alabama
1
Ala. Code § 13A-11-30(1) & 13A-11-31
The following definitions apply to this article:
(1) EAVESDROP. To overhear, record, amplify or transmit any part of the private communication of others without the consent of at least one of the persons engaged in the communication, except as otherwise provided by law.
(a) A person commits the crime of criminal eavesdropping if he intentionally uses any device to eavesdrop, whether or not he is present at the time.
Alaska
1
Alaska Stat. §§ 42.20.310(a)(1)
(a) A person may not
(1) use an eavesdropping device to hear or record all or any part of an oral conversation without the consent of a party to the conversation
Arizona
1
Ariz. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 13-3005(A)(1) & (2)
A. Except as provided in this section and section 13-3012, a person is guilty of a class 5 felony who either:
1. Intentionally intercepts a wire or electronic communication to which he is not a party, or aids, authorizes, employs, procures or permits another to so do, without the consent of either a sender or receiver thereof.
2. Intentionally intercepts a conversation or discussion at which he is not present, or aids, authorizes, employs, procures or permits another to so do, without the consent of a party to such conversation or discussion.
Arkansas
1
Ark. Code Ann. § 5-80-120(a)
(a) It is lawful to record a communication if one is a party to the communication or has received the prior consent of a party to the communication.
California
2
Cal. Penal Code § 632(a)
(a)Every person who, intentionally and without the consent of all parties to a confidential communication, by means of any electronic amplifying or recording device, eavesdrops upon or records the confidential communication, whether the communication is carried on among the parties in the presence of one another or by means of a telegraph, telephone, or other device, except a radio, shall be punished by a fine not exceeding two thousand five hundred dollars ($2,500), or imprisonment in the county jail not exceeding one year, or in the state prison, or by both that fine and imprisonment. If the person has previously been convicted of a violation of this section or Section 631, 632.5, 632.6, 632.7, or 636, the person shall be punished by a fine not exceeding ten thousand dollars ($10,000), by imprisonment in the county jail not exceeding one year, or in the state prison, or by both that fine and imprisonment.
Colorado
1
Colo. Rev. Stat. § 18-9-303(1)
(1) Any person not a sender or intended receiver of a telephone or telegraph communication commits wiretapping if he:
(a) Knowingly overhears, reads, takes, copies, or records a telephone, telegraph, or electronic communication without the consent of either a sender or a receiver thereof or attempts to do so.
Connecticut
2
Conn. Gen. Stat. Ann. § 52-570d(a)
(a) No person shall use any instrument, device or equipment to record an oral private telephonic communication unless the use of such instrument, device or equipment (1) is preceded by consent of all parties to the communication and such prior consent either is obtained in writing or is part of, and obtained at the start of, the recording, or (2) is preceded by verbal notification which is recorded at the beginning and is part of the communication by the recording party, or (3) is accompanied by an automatic tone warning device which automatically produces a distinct signal that is repeated at intervals of approximately fifteen seconds during the communication while such instrument, device or equipment is in use.
Delaware
2
Del. Code. Ann. tit. 11, § 1335(a)(4) & 11, § 2402(c)(4)
(a) A person is guilty of violation of privacy when, except as authorized by law, the person:
(4) Intercepts without the consent of all parties thereto a message by telephone, telegraph, letter or other means of communicating privately, including private conversation.
(c) Lawful acts. -- It is lawful:
(4) For a person to intercept a wire, oral or electronic communication where the person is a party to the communication or where one of the parties to the communication has given prior consent to the interception, unless the communication is intercepted for the purpose of committing any criminal or tortious act in violation of the constitutions or laws of the United States, this State or any other state or any political subdivision of the United States or this or any other state.
Florida
2
Fla. Stat. ch. 934.03(3)(d)
(d) It is lawful under ss. 934.03-934.09 for a person to intercept a wire, oral, or electronic communication when all of the parties to the communication have given prior consent to such interception.
District of Columbia
1
D.C. Code. Ann. § 23-542(b)(3)
(b) It shall not be unlawful under this section for
(3) a person not acting under color of law to intercept a wire or oral communication, where such person is a party to the communication, or where one of the parties to the communication has given prior consent to such interception, unless such communication is intercepted for the purpose of committing any criminal or tortious act in violation of the Constitution or laws of the United States, any State, or the District of Columbia, or for the purpose of committing any other injurious act.
Georgia
1
Ga. Code Ann. §§ 16-11-62 & 16-11-66(a)
It shall be unlawful for:
(1) Any person in a clandestine manner intentionally to overhear, transmit, or record or attempt to overhear, transmit, or record the private conversation of another which shall originate in any private place;
(a) Nothing in Code Section 16-11-62 shall prohibit a person from intercepting a wire, oral, or electronic communication where such person is a party to the communication or one of the parties to the communication has given prior consent to such interception.
Hawaii
1
Haw. Rev. Stat. §§803-42(b)(3)(A)
(3) (A) It shall not be unlawful under this part for a person not acting under color of law to intercept a wire, oral, or electronic communication when the person is a party to the communication or when one of the parties to the communication has given prior consent to the interception unless the communication is intercepted for the purpose of committing any criminal or tortious act in violation of the Constitution or laws of the United States or of this State.
Idaho
1
Idaho Code § 18-6702(d)
(d) It is lawful under this chapter for a person to intercept a wire, electronic or oral communication when one (1) of the parties to the communication has given prior consent to such interception.
Illinois
2
720 ILS 5/14-2(a)
(a) A person commits eavesdropping when he:
(1) Knowingly and intentionally uses an eavesdropping device for the purpose of hearing or recording all or any part of any conversation or intercepts, retains, or transcribes electronic communication unless he does so (A) with the consent of all of the parties to such conversation or electronic communication or (B) in accordance with Article 108A or Article 108B of the "Code of Criminal Procedure of 1963", approved August 14, 1963, as amended;
Indiana
1
Ind. Code Ann. § 35-33.5-1-5(2)
"Interception" means the intentional:
(1) Recording of; or
(2) Acquisition of the contents of; a telephonic or telegraphic communication by a person other than a sender or receiver of that communication, without the consent of the sender or receiver, by means of any instrument, device, or equipment under this article. This term includes the intentional recording of communication through the use of a computer or a FAX (facsimile transmission) machine.
Iowa
1
Iowa Code Ann. §§ 808B.2(2)(c)
c. It is not unlawful under this chapter for a person not acting under color of law to intercept a wire, oral, or electronic communication if the person is a party to the communication or if one of the parties to the communication has given prior consent to the interception, unless the communication is intercepted for the purpose of committing a criminal or tortious act in violation of the Constitution or laws of the United States or of any state or for the purpose of committing any other injurious act.
Kansas
1
Kan. Stat. Ann. §§ 21-4002(a)(1)
(a) Breach of privacy is knowingly and without lawful authority:
(1) Intercepting, without the consent of the sender or receiver, a message by telephone, telegraph, letter or other means of private communication.
Kentucky
1
Ky. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 526.010 & 526.020
The following definition applies in this chapter, unless the context otherwise requires:
"Eavesdrop" means to overhear, record, amplify or transmit any part of a wire or oral communication of others without the consent of at least one (1) party thereto by means of any electronic, mechanical or other device.
(1) A person is guilty of eavesdropping when he intentionally uses any device to eavesdrop, whether or not he is present at the time.
(2) Eavesdropping is a Class D felony.
Louisiana
1
La. Rev. Stat. § 15:1303(b)(4)
(4) It shall not be unlawful under this Chapter for a person not acting under color of law to intercept a wire, electronic, or oral communication where such person is a party to the communication or where one of the parties to the communication has given prior consent to such interception, unless such communication is intercepted for the purpose of committing any criminal or tortious act in violation of the constitution or laws of the United States or of the state or for the purpose of committing any other injurious act.
Maine
1
Me. Rev. Stat. Ann. tit. 15, § 709(4) & 710
4. Intercept. "Intercept" means to hear, record or aid another to hear or record the contents of any wire or oral communication through the use of any intercepting device by any person other than:
A. The sender or receiver of that communication;
B. A person within the range of normal unaided hearing or subnormal hearing corrected to not better than normal;
C. A person given prior authority by the sender or receiver
1. Interception, oral communications prohibited. Any person, other than an employee of a common carrier as defined in this chapter, a law enforcement officer or an investigative officer as defined in this chapter, carrying out practices otherwise permitted by this chapter, who intentionally or knowingly intercepts, attempts to intercept or procures any other person to intercept or attempt to intercept, any wire or oral communication is guilty of a Class C crime.
Maryland
2
Md. Code Ann., Cts. & Jud. Proc. § 10-402
(a) Except as otherwise specifically provided in this subtitle it is unlawful for any person to:
(1) Wilfully intercept, endeavor to intercept, or procure any other person to intercept or endeavor to intercept, any wire, oral, or electronic communication.
Massachusetts
2
Mass. Ann. Laws ch. 272 , § 99(b)(4) & 99(c)(1)
4. The term “interception” means to secretly hear, secretly record, or aid another to secretly hear or secretly record the contents of any wire or oral communication through the use of any intercepting device by any person other than a person given prior authority by all parties to such communication; provided that it shall not constitute an interception for an investigative or law enforcement officer, as defined in this section, to record or transmit a wire or oral communication if the officer is a party to such communication or has been given prior authorization to record or transmit the communication by such a party and if recorded or transmitted in the course of an investigation of a designated offense as defined herein.
1. Interception, oral communications prohibited. Except as otherwise specifically provided in this section any person who—willfully commits an interception, attempts to commit an interception, or procures any other person to commit an interception or to attempt to commit an interception of any wire or oral communication shall be fined not more than ten thousand dollars, or imprisoned in the state prison for not more than five years, or imprisoned in a jail or house of correction for not more than two and one half years, or both so fined and given one such imprisonment.
Michigan
1
Mich. Comp. Laws § 750.539c
Any person who is present or who is not present during a private conversation and who wilfully uses any device to eavesdrop upon the conversation without the consent of all parties thereto, or who knowingly aids, employs or procures another person to do the same in violation of this section, is guilty of a felony punishable by imprisonment in a state prison for not more than 2 years or by a fine of not more than $2,000.00, or both.
Minnesota
1
Minn. Stat. Ann §626A.02 subd. 2(d)
(d) It is not unlawful under this chapter for a person not acting under color of law to intercept a wire, electronic, or oral communication where such person is a party to the communication or where one of the parties to the communication has given prior consent to such interception unless such communication is intercepted for the purpose of committing any criminal or tortious act in violation of the constitution or laws of the United States or of any state.
Mississippi
1
Miss. Code Ann. §41-29-531(e)
This article shall not apply to:
(e) A person not acting under color of law who intercepts a wire, oral or other communication if the person is a party to the communication, or if one of the parties to the communication has given prior consent to the interception unless the communication is intercepted for the purpose of committing any criminal or tortious act in violation of the Constitution or laws of the United States or of this state, or for the purpose of committing any other injurious act.
Missouri
1
Mo. Ann. Stat. § 542.402(2)(3)
2. It is not unlawful under the provisions of sections 542.400 to 542.422:
(3) For a person not acting under law to intercept a wire communication where such person is a party to the communication or where one of the parties to the communication has given prior consent to such interception unless such communication is intercepted for the purpose of committing any criminal or tortious act.
Montana
1
Mont. Code Ann. § 45-8-213(c)(iii)
(1) Except as provided in 69-6-104, a person commits the offense of violating privacy in communications if the person knowingly or purposely:
(c) records or causes to be recorded a conversation by use of a hidden electronic or mechanical device that reproduces a human conversation without the knowledge of all parties to the conversation. This subsection (1)(c) does not apply to:
(iii) persons given warning of the transcription or recording, and if one person provides the warning, either party may record.
Nebraska
1
Neb. Rev. Stat. § 86-290(2)(c)
(c) It is not unlawful under sections 86-271 to 86-295 for a person not acting under color of law to intercept a wire, electronic, or oral communication when such person is a party to the communication or when one of the parties to the communication has given prior consent to such interception unless such communication is intercepted for the purpose of committing any criminal or tortious act in violation of the Constitution or laws of the United States or of any state.
Nevada
2
Nev. Rev. Stat. §§200.620
1. Except as otherwise provided in NRS 179.410 to 179.515, inclusive, 209.419 and 704.195, it is unlawful for any person to intercept or attempt to intercept any wire communication unless:
(a) The interception or attempted interception is made with the prior consent of one of the parties to the communication
New Hampshire
2
N.H. Rev. Stat. Ann. §570-A:2(1-a)
I. A person is guilty of a class B felony if, except as otherwise specifically provided in this chapter or without the consent of all parties to the communication, the person:
(a) Wilfully intercepts, endeavors to intercept, or procures any other person to intercept or endeavor to intercept, any telecommunication or oral communication.
New Jersey
1
N.J. Rev. Stat. §2A:156A-4(d)
4. It shall not be unlawful under this act for:
d. A person not acting under color of law to intercept a wire, electronic or oral communication, where such person is a party to the communication or one of the parties to the communication has given prior consent to such interception unless such communication is intercepted or used for the purpose of committing any criminal or tortious act in violation of the Constitution or laws of the United States or of this State or for the purpose of committing any other injurious act. The fact that such person is the subscriber to a particular telephone does not constitute consent effective to authorize interception of communications among parties not including such person on that telephone. Any person who unlawfully intercepts or uses such communication as provided in this paragraph shall be subject to the civil liability established in section 24 of P.L.1968, c.409 (C.2A:156A-24), in addition to any other criminal or civil liability imposed by law.
New Mexico
1
N.M. Stat. Ann §30-12-1(C) & (E)
Interference with communications consists of knowingly and without lawful authority:
C. reading, interrupting, taking or copying any message, communication or report intended for another by telegraph or telephone without the consent of a sender or intended recipient thereof;
E. using any apparatus to do or cause to be done any of the acts hereinbefore mentioned or to aid, agree with, comply or conspire with any person to do or permit or cause to be done any of the acts hereinbefore mentioned.
New York
1
N.Y. Penal Law §250.00(1) & 250.05
1. "Wiretapping" means the intentional overhearing or recording of a telephonic or telegraphic communication by a person other than a sender or receiver thereof, without the consent of either the sender or receiver, by means of any instrument, device or equipment. The normal operation of a telephone or telegraph corporation and the normal use of the services and facilities furnished by such corporation pursuant to its tariffs or necessary to protect the rights or property of said corporation shall not be deemed "wiretapping."
A person is guilty of eavesdropping when he unlawfully engages in wiretapping, mechanical overhearing of a conversation, or intercepting or accessing of an electronic communication.
North Carolina
1
N.C. Gen Stat. §15A-287(a)
(a) Except as otherwise specifically provided in this Article, a person is guilty of a Class H felony if, without the consent of at least one party to the communication, the person:
(1) Willfully intercepts, endeavors to intercept, or procures any other person to intercept or endeavor to intercept, any wire, oral, or electronic communication.
(2) Willfully uses, endeavors to use, or procures any other person to use or endeavor to use any electronic, mechanical, or other device to intercept any oral communication when:
a. The device is affixed to, or otherwise transmits a signal through, a wire, cable, or other like connection used in wire communications; or
b. The device transmits communications by radio, or interferes with the transmission of such communications.
North Dakota
1
N.D. Cent. Code §12.1-15-02(3)(c)
A person is guilty of a class C felony if he:
a. Intentionally intercepts any wire or oral communication by use of any electronic, mechanical, or other device
3. It is a defense to a prosecution under subsection 1 that:
c.
(1) The actor was a party to the communication or one of the parties to the communication had given prior consent to such interception, and
(2) such communication was not intercepted for the purpose of committing a crime or other unlawful harm.
Ohio
1
Ohio Rev. Code Ann. §2933.52(B)(4)
(A) No person purposely shall do any of the following:
(1) Intercept, attempt to intercept, or procure another person to intercept or attempt to intercept a wire, oral, or electronic communication;
(B) This section does not apply to any of the following:
(4) A person who is not a law enforcement officer and who intercepts a wire, oral, or electronic communication, if the person is a party to the communication or if one of the parties to the communication has given the person prior consent to the interception, and if the communication is not intercepted for the purpose of committing a criminal offense or tortious act in violation of the laws or Constitution of the United States or this state or for the purpose of committing any other injurious act.
Oklahoma
1
Okla. Stat. Ann. tit. 13, §176.4(5)
It is not unlawful pursuant to the Security of Communications Act for:
5. a person not acting under color of law to intercept a wire, oral or electronic communication when such person is a party to the communication or when one of the parties to the communication has given prior consent to such interception unless the communication is intercepted for the purpose of committing any criminal act
Oregon
1
Or. Rev. Stat. § 165.543
(1) Except as provided in ORS 133.724 (Order for interception of communications) or as provided in ORS 165.540 (Obtaining contents of communications) (2)(a), any person who willfully intercepts, attempts to intercept or procures any other person to intercept or attempt to intercept any wire or oral communication where such person is not a party to the communication and where none of the parties to the communication has given prior consent to the interception, is guilty of a Class A misdemeanor.
Pennsylvania
2
18 Pa. Cons. Stat Ann. §5704(4)
It shall not be unlawful and no prior court approval shall be required under this chapter for:
(4) A person, to intercept a wire, electronic or oral communication, where all parties to the communication have given prior consent to such interception.
Rhode Island
1
R.I. Gen. Laws §11-35-21(c)(3)
(c) It shall not be unlawful under this chapter for:
(3) A person not acting under color of law to intercept a wire, electronic, or oral communication, where the person is a party to the communication, or one of the parties to the communication has given prior consent to the interception unless the communication is intercepted for the purpose of committing any criminal or tortious act in the violation of the constitution or laws of the United States or of any state or for the purpose of committing any other injurious act.
South Carolina
1
No state statute
There is no existing state statue in South Carolina that regulates the interception of audio and oral conversations. Under 18 U.S.C. §2511(2)(d), it is lawful to intercept a communication if one is a party to the communication or has received the prior consent of a party to the communication.
South Dakota
1
S.D. Codified Laws Ann. §23A-35A-20(1)
Overhearing or recording telephone or telegraph communications, conversations, or jury deliberations by means of eavesdropping device as felony. Except as provided in § 23A-35A-21, a person is guilty of a Class 5 felony who being:
(1) Not a sender or receiver of a telephone or telegraph communication, intentionally and by means of an eavesdropping device overhears or records a telephone or telegraph communication, or aids, authorizes, employs, procures, or permits another to so do, without the consent of either a sender or receiver thereof.
Tennessee
1
Tenn. Code Ann. §39-13-601(b)(5)
(5) It is lawful under § § 39-13-601 -- 39-13-603 and title 40, chapter 6, part 3 for a person not acting under color of law to intercept a wire, oral, or electronic communication where the person is a party to the communication or where one of the parties to the communication has given prior consent to the interception unless the communication is intercepted for the purpose of committing any criminal or tortious act in violation of the constitution or laws of the state of Tennessee.
Texas
1
Tex. Penal Code Ann. §16.02(c)(4)(A)&(B)
(c) It is an affirmative defense to prosecution under Subsection (b) that:
(4) a person not acting under color of law intercepts a wire, oral, or electronic communication, if:
(A) the person is a party to the communication; or
(B) one of the parties to the communication has given prior consent to the interception, unless the communication is intercepted for the purpose of committing an unlawful act.
Utah
1
Utah Code Ann. §§77-23a-4(7)(b)
(7)(b) A person not acting under color of law may intercept a wire, electronic, or oral communication if that person is a party to the communication or one of the parties to the communication has given prior consent to the interception, unless the communication is intercepted for the purpose of committing any criminal or tortious act in violation of state or federal laws.
Vermont
2
No state statute
Currently, no state statute exists that regulates intercepting telephone conversations and other electronic or oral communication. Federal statute permits one-party consent. Under 18 U.S.C. §2511(2)(d), it is lawful to intercept a communication if one is a party to the communication or has received the prior consent of a party to the communication.
Virginia
1
Va. Code Ann. § 19.2-62.
2. It shall not be a criminal offense under this chapter for a person to intercept a wire, electronic or oral communication, where such person is a party to the communication or one of the parties to the communication has given prior consent to such interception.
Washington
2
Wash. Rev. Code Ann. §9.73.030(1)(a)
(1) Except as otherwise provided in this chapter, it shall be unlawful for any individual, partnership, corporation, association, or the state of Washington, its agencies, and political subdivisions to intercept, or record any:
(a) Private communication transmitted by telephone, telegraph, radio, or other device between two or more individuals between points within or without the state by any device electronic or otherwise designed to record and/or transmit said communication regardless how such device is powered or actuated, without first obtaining the consent of all the participants in the communication;
West Virginia
1
W. Va. Code §62-1D-3(e)
(e) It is lawful under this article for a person to intercept a wire, oral or electronic communication where the person is a party to the communication or where one of the parties to the communication has given prior consent to the interception unless the communication is intercepted for the purpose of committing any criminal or tortious act in violation of the constitution or laws of the United States or the constitution or laws of this state:
Wisconsin
1
Wis. Stat Ann. §§968.31(c) &885.365(1)
(2) It is not unlawful under ss. 968.28 to 968.37:
(c) For a person not acting under color of law to intercept a wire, electronic or oral communication where the person is a party to the communication or where one of the parties to the communication has given prior consent to the interception unless the communication is intercepted for the purpose of committing any criminal or tortious act in violation of the constitution or laws of the United States or of any state or for the purpose of committing any other injurious act.
Wyoming
1
Wyo. Stat. §7-3-702(b)(iv)
(a) Except as provided in subsection (b) of this section, no person shall intentionally:
(i) Intercept, attempt to intercept, or procure any other person to intercept or attempt to intercept any wire, oral or electronic communication;
(ii) Use, attempt to use, or procure any other person to use or attempt to use any electronic, mechanical or other device to intercept any oral communication when:
(b) Nothing in subsection (a) of this section prohibits:
(iv) Any person from intercepting an oral, wire or electronic communication where the person is a party to the communication or where one (1) of the parties to the communication has given prior consent to the interception unless the communication is intercepted for the purpose of committing any criminal or tortious act.
